Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine is a newer treatment option and was approved by the FDA in 2002. It works by attaching to the brain’s neurotransmitters to help lower potential for misuse by diminishing effects of dependency (such as withdrawal symptoms and cravings), and producing a lower level euphoric effect that essentially “tricks” the brain into being satisfied.2 A research review conducted about the effectiveness of buprenorphine found that it is more effective at reducing signs and symptoms of opioid dependence, as well as sustaining treatment, than a placebo. Other benefits include:
- a low risk of overdose or dependency
- convenience and increased privacy, since a prescription is written and can be filled for use at home
- long-lasting effects, so treatment may not be required daily
- a feeling of normalcy instead of a “high,” so the person in recovery can resume daily activities
Buprenorphine treatment happens in three phases:
Buprenorphine is commonly combined with naloxone.
Together they block the opioid receptors in the brain. This helps produce the same feelings as opioids, which can help with withdrawal and cravings. Research conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) showed that 49% of recovery patients using buprenorphine with naloxone for at least 12 weeks successfully reduced their prescription painkiller misuse. When those patients stopped taking buprenorphine with naloxone, the rate dropped to 8.6%. The NIDA study also showed that patients who received intense counseling while taking buprenorphine with naloxone showed no additional benefit to recovery success rates.
Brand names for buprenorphine medications
Suboxone, Zubsolv, Bunavail; also available as an implant, called Probuphine, and an injectable, called Sublocade